IP Subnet Calculator For an IP Address of 10.10.10.1

¹ Usable number of hosts is always total number of hosts minus 2 - the first IP address in the range is the network address; the last IP address in the range is the broadcast address.

Human readable IP addresses (10.100.101.200) are decimal representations of the binary IP address which consists of 8 ones or zeroes . 8 ones or zeroes . 8 ones or zeroes . 8 ones or zeroes.
Example: 11010011.01110101.11101111.00111101
Since each of the four segments of the IP address have 8 binary digits (thus the term “octals”) and…
since a Class C address is one in which the first 3 octals in the range of addresses never change, then…
a Class C address can have no more than 256 nodes in the IP range (because 8 binary digits can only represent values from 0 to 255.

All IP Addresses above are Class C - the first 3 octals stay the same. If an IP range greater than 256 is needed, then the third octal will need to change. These, then are Class B addresses. And the maximum number of hosts is 65,535 (255 x 255)

Beyond 65,536 hosts in the range, the second octal will need to change; that is Class A which can yield a maximum of 16,581,375 addresses (255 x 255 x 255)